CPUs

2021+ CPU:
Zen2
Ryzen 5 4500U 6C6T, Vega 6CU
Ryzen 7 4700U 8C16T, Vega 7CU
Ryzen 7 4800U 8C16T, Vega 8CU
Zen2+
Ryzen 5 5500U 6C12T, Vega 7CU
Ryzen 7 5700U 8C16T, Vega 8CU @1900MHz, 15W
Zen3
Ryzen 7 5600U 6C12T, Vega 7CU
Ryzen 7 5800U 8C16T, Vega 8CU
Ryzen 7 5900HX 8C16T, Vega 8CU @2100MHz, 45W
Zen3+
Ryzen 5 6600U 6C12T, RDNA2 6CU
Ryzen 7 6800U 6C12T, RDNA2 12CU
Ryzen 9 6900HS, RDNA2 12CU, reduced power consumption
Intel i5-1135G7 4C8T, Intel Iris Xe Graphics 80EU
Intel i7-1195G7 4C8T, Intel Iris Xe Graphics 96EU
Zen4
Ryzen 7 Phoenix 7840U 8C16T, RDNA3 12CU @2700MHz, 15-30W
Z1 Extreme is a 7840U without AI engine and tuned for lower power consumption (9W ~30W)

680M ~= RX6400
Vega is based on GCN architecture debuted in 2020.
6800 series's RDNA2 is double the performance of 5800.

I'm SHOCKED by how good RDNA3 Integrated GPUs are!!! (Beelink GTR7 PRO 7940HS Radeon 780M Review) - YouTube
AMD's Most Powerful APU Yet! - UM790 Pro Review // Windows + ChimeraOS - YouTube

Voltage tuning

Intel Extreme Tuning Utility (XTU) Undervolting Guide - NotebookCheck.net Reviews
More performance and quieter fans with Intel XTU – Undervolting the ThinkPad X1 Carbon 2018 & ThinkPad T480s - NotebookCheck.net Reviews

Undervolting on Ryzen will lower temperature AND increase performance
How to LOWER Temperatures on Ryzen 3000 CPUs - YouTube
How to undervolt your CPU for cooler temps - YouTube
How to UNDERVOLT Ryzen 5000 series CPUs (FULL Tutorial) - YouTube
3600 can undervolt 0.075V, 3700 and 3900 can undervolt 0.1V

UCIe

Home | My Site
A CPU From AMD...AND Intel?! - YouTube

Socket

Why CPU Sockets CHANGE So Much - YouTube
LGA vs PGA! Which is better? - YouTube

Hyper Threading

Hyper-Threading and Everything You Need to Know
Should You Disable Hyper-Threading?

Ryzen RAM tuning

AMD Ryzen RAM scaling - performance effect in games - Introduction

AMD Ryzen Memory Tweaking & Overclocking Guide | TechPowerUp ❗!important
DRAM Calculator for Ryzen (v1.7.3) Download | TechPowerUp
FCLK: Infinity Fabric clock, better keep it in sync with RAM < 2000MHz
UCLK: Unified Memory Controller clock

Thaiphoon Burner - Official Support Website

AMD Ryzen 3000 Memory Benchmark & Common RAM Mistakes (fClock, uClock, & mClock) - YouTube
How to maximize Ryzen 3000 memory performance and all things Zen - Typhoon Burner and DRAM Tool - YouTube
How to Manually Tune Your DDR4 Memory For Ryzen - YouTube
How to deal with memory tuning issues on Ryzen and DRAM Calculator 1.7.3 - YouTube
Ryzen Above: Best Memory Settings for AMD's 3000 CPUs, Tested - Tom's Hardware | Tom's Hardware
3rd-gen Ryzen Overclocking - Everything you need to know! - YouTube
Does RAM affect Ryzen CPU performance?? Watch and learn! - YouTube

2020 CPU

AMD vs Intel 2020: Who Makes the Best CPUs? | Tom's Hardware
The Intel Lakefield Deep Dive: Everything To Know About the First x86 Hybrid CPU - Print View

AMD Ryzen

How AMD Zen Almost Didn't Make It | Stories of Ryzen, ft. Unreleased CPUs - YouTube
AMD's Zen architecture: The fundamentals of these Zen 4 CPUs

AMD Chipset Comparison: B550 Specs vs. X570, B450, X370, & Zen 3 Support (2020) | GamersNexus - Gaming PC Builds & Hardware Benchmarks
How AMD Sabotages Itself & Both Sides of the Story (B450 / B550 Chipsets & Zen 3 BIOS) - YouTube

Ryzen's 3300X and 3600 are 65W Zen 2 CPU that is very competitive in gaming scenario (akin to i7 7th gen). 3100 is out because the latency of core to core communication (2 CCXs in a CCD).
Ryzen 3 3300X/ 3100 CPU Review: More Gaming Power Than i7 7700K? - YouTube

Investigating Performance of Multi-Threading on Zen 3 and AMD Ryzen 5000 - Print View

AMD Ryzen™ Master Utility for Overclocking Control | AMD

AMD Ryzen™ Technology: Precision Boost 2 Performance Enhancement | AMD Zen+
Understanding Precision Boost 2 in AMD SenseMI ... | Community
Ryzen XFR2/PB2 Viability & Benchmark Justification - YouTube
2nd Gen AMD Ryzen™ Processors: XFR 2 and Precision Boost 2 - YouTube
Explaining AMD Ryzen Precision Boost Overdrive (PBO), AutoOC, & Benchmarks | GamersNexus - Gaming PC Builds & Hardware Benchmarks PBO tune all cores and is not useful; AutoOC boost single core and is not useful
AMD Ryzen Frequency Scale - Temperature is Important for Ryzen 3000 CPUs - YouTube
Using Precision Boost Overdrive (PBO) and Auto OC in the BIOS vs Ryzen Master Software. : MSI_Gaming

Free extra AMD Ryzen ZEN2 Performance: ClockTuner for Ryzen (CTR by 1USMUS)
FREE performance for Ryzen! - YouTube
免费提升性能！还更凉快？CPU 保姆级超频教程（AMD 篇） - YouTube

The AMD 3rd Gen Ryzen Deep Dive Review: 3700X and 3900X Raising The Bar - Print View
AMD Zen 2 Microarchitecture Analysis: Ryzen 3000 and EPYC Rome - Print View

2019-07, BIOS bug in AGESA causes CPU to be hot
use Ryzen Master to lock clock speed across cores and use lower voltage
Tools: Ryzen Master, Cinebench R20, CPUz, HWInfo64
Ryzen 3900X Performance @ 1.00V - I Was Wrong.. - YouTube
Undervolt Ryzen 3000 - Bios Settings - YouTube
How To Find & FIX Ryzen 3000 Boost Problems - YouTube
AMD Ryzen Boost Frequency Fix Benchmarked: AGESA ABBA Tested - YouTube
AMD Ryzen 3000 Undervolting Offset vs. Override | Vcore Voltage - YouTube

Some motherboards are aggressive at their factory settings
Is your motherboard trying to damage your Ryzen CPU? - YouTube
Ryzen Burnout? AMD Board Power Cheats May Shorten CPU Lifespan | Tom's Hardware
Explaining the AMD Ryzen "Power Reporting Deviation" -metric in HWiNFO | HWiNFO Forum

Intel

Intel's 9th and 10th gen are still using 14nm and without major architecture change. They can only improve performance by increasing clock speed, hence increasing TDP and thermal.

【硬件科普】使用高频内存条这个概念你一定要知道！详解内存 Gear2 模式 - YouTube 11th gen use Gear 1 and Gear 2 dynamic frequency in RAM bus

Intel Discloses Lakefield CPUs Specifications: 64 Execution Units, up to 3.0 GHz, 7 W
Sunny Cove CPU + Tremont Atom CPU, like ARM's big.LITTLE architecture
The Intel Lakefield Deep Dive: Everything To Know About the First x86 Hybrid CPU
Intel i9-10900K "High" Power Consumption Explained: TVB, Turbo 3.0, & Tau - YouTube
免费提升性能！“保姆级”CPU 超频教程（英特尔篇） - YouTube

2022 CPU

Ryzen 5000 generation is more performant and scales better with power than Intel 11th generation.
It reverses with Intel 12th generation Ryzen 6000 generation.

AMD

AMD announces its STRANGEST CPU yet - YouTube Ryzen mobile
AMD P-State Driver To Premiere In Linux 5.17 With Aim To Deliver Better Power Efficiency - Phoronix

Intel

12th gen

Intel NEEDS this to go well... - YouTube
Meteor Lake – Can Intel leapfrog AMD? - YouTube tile architecture

P-Core and E-Core
Processor Base Power, Maximum Turbo Power
can match Apple M1 at low power settings
support both 100 and 133Mhz memory bus
dual memory controller dual bit rate on memory
number of memory slots used and ranks of memory affects DDR5 speed
2.5D interposer for connecting the tiles

【首发评测】intel 12 代 CPU 首发评测——i5 12600K/i7 12700KF/i9 12900K - YouTube

挤爆牙膏！英特尔新 CPU 变强的秘密，被我找到了 - YouTube heterogeneous architecture
INTEL 12 代 CPU 的架構詳解,完整解說新平台的架構核心分布 - YouTube
INTEL 12 代平台記憶體架構大改動甚麼叫雙控制器? DDR4 / DDR5 延遲的差異?一次講清楚弄明白!! - YouTube high end x8 DDR4 is better
INTEL 12 代 CPU 除了大小核還有多少改變?新增功能詳解!! - YouTube

Don't let your head be turned by 5,000MHz RAM kits, high-speed gaming memory makes no sense | PC Gamer
Gear 1 and Gear 2 on Alder Lake - Troubleshooting - Linus Tech Tips

这英特尔 12 代 CPU 有点强啊！ - YouTube

Intel Motherboard Differences: H670 Specs Explained vs. Z690, B660, & H610 (2022) - YouTube
Intel Motherboards Get Competitive: $100-$200 H670, B660, & H610 - YouTube

Laptop:
H: Performance
U: ultrabook
P: efficient

TDP

Thermal design power - Wikiwand
Why Intel Processors Draw More Power Than Expected: TDP and Turbo Explained - Print View

C-States: Idle States
P-states: executing (power saving) states
PL2: short-term maximum power draw, last for at most Tau seconds; = PL1 * 1.25 before 10th gen
PL1: effective long-term expected steady state power consumption; advertized TDP; turbo does not work in PL1 mode

Thermal limit of 90 degrees is enforced upon TDP limit at all times.

Intel i9-10900K "High" Power Consumption Explained: TVB, Turbo 3.0, & Tau - YouTube
Intel Shares PL1, PL2, and Tau Values on 10th Generation CPUs - ExtremeTech
AMD Ryzen TDP Deep-Dive & What Cooler Manufacturers Think of "TDP" - YouTube Bullshit: TDP is "thermal watts", not the power draw ("electrical watts")

Intel's published RDP is for cooling solution at base frequency (PL1), this is to avoid thermal throttling hence indicates the long duration power limit.
AMD

Intel TDP Investigation: Boards Violating Turbo Duration (Z390) | GamersNexus - Gaming PC Builds & Hardware Benchmarks

Limiting TDP

A Minimum Complete Tutorial of CPU Power Management, C-states and P-states

Ways to reduce TDP of a non-lower power Core i5 CPU ? | AnandTech Forums: Technology, Hardware, Software, and Deals
Underclocking haswell to lower max TDP | AnandTech Forums: Technology, Hardware, Software, and Deals
Control Panel -> Power Options -> Balanced -> Change Plan Settings -> Change Advanced Power Settings -> Processor Power Management -> Maximum Processor State.

Intel® Extreme Tuning Utility (Intel® XTU)
Intel® Extreme Tuning Utility for Undervolting any CPU - YouTube

Intel® Power Gadget
Measuring Application Power Consumption on the Linux* Operating System

Intel CPU supports RAPL for software monitoring and capping
RAPL (Running Average Power Limit) driver [LWN.net]
Running Average Power Limit – RAPL | 01.org
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/power/powercap/powercap.txt
(PDF) RAPL in Action: Experiences in Using RAPL for Power Measurements
Ubuntu Manpage: powercap-set - manage power capping devices with the Linux power capping framework
Ubuntu Manpage: rapl-set - set RAPL configurations

AMD μProf - AMD

PowerAPI GitHub Org

ThrottleStop (9.0) Download | TechPowerUp
The ThrottleStop Guide | NotebookReview
The ThrottleStop Guide (2020): How to Lower Temperatures, Increase Performance, and Boost Battery Life on Your Laptop
45W performance from 15W Kaby Lake-R | by George Kushnir (https://n4ru.it) | Medium
unlocked Package Power register, set long term power limit
locked Package Power register, set PP0 Power limit https://i.imgur.com/9t6f7gN.png

CPU frequency scaling - ArchWiki
Kernel/PowerManagement - Ubuntu Wiki
Linux* Thermal Daemon | 01.org
PowerClamp documentation [LWN.net]
Energy measurements in Linux | chih's blog
Power Capping Framework — The Linux Kernel documentation

cpupower(1) - Linux man page
cpupower-monitor(1) - Linux man page

How to measure power consumption in watts using powerstat in Linux with examples - GoLinuxHub
powerstat: Power Consumption Calculator for Ubuntu Linux
Ubuntu Manpage: powerstat - a tool to measure power consumption

powerstat -R -c -z  # RAPL (Intel CPU)
powerstat -c -z     # no RAPL
# with CPU temp and speed
powerstat -a -R 1 60

The Stress Terminal UI: s-tui | s-tui
Stress Terminal UI (s-tui) - Stress-Testing System Monitor - YouTube

stress -c 18 -i 13 -m 3

Cooling

The Science of Keeping It Cool - TechSpot
Why Electronics Need Cooling - transistor heat sink - YouTube
Understanding CPU Heatsinks: Picking the Best CPU Cooler | GamersNexus - Gaming PC Builds & Hardware Benchmarks
Why Most Cooler Tests Are Flawed: CPU Cooler Testing Methodology | GamersNexus - Gaming PC Builds & Hardware Benchmarks

Heat Pump Training - YouTube

CPU Cooler: Liquid Cooling Vs Air Cooling - Intel
Liquid Cooling vs. Air Cooling Benchmark In-Depth (NH-D15, NZXT X62, & More) - YouTube

Linus Tech Tips
The BEST Cooling Solution - Air or Water - FINAL ANSWER - YouTube 2017, tie
Why you shouldn't water cool your PC - YouTube 2019
Why is Water Cooling Better? - YouTube
Cooling ltt - YouTube

【硬件科普】硅脂 CPU 和钎焊 CPU 说的是什么？有什么区别？ - YouTube
【硬件科普】电脑散热也讲风水？全网最详细电脑散热器工作原理科普 - YouTube
【硬件科普】全网最详细显卡散热工作原理科普 - YouTube

风冷散热器要多少根热管？把它们一根根剪断就知道了 - YouTube

散热那些事篇一：鳍片篇—穿 Fin Or 回流焊？CPU 散热器什么值得买
 散热那些事篇二：热管烧结、丝网、沟槽，你了解热管的工艺吗？CPU 散热器什么值得买

CPU with TDP <70W can be cooled with an aluminum heat sink
Heat pipes are needed for higher TDP. But at high TDP (~300W) the wick also dry out so the coolant cannot return to the heat source.

Heat is generated in chip in three ways:

switching: when charges are dumped to the ground when the transistor changes state
short-circuit: multiple transistors will short-circuit instantaneously when changing state, and
leakage: the static current that flow through the transistor in off state, this get worst when we shrink the transistor size

The first two are heat lost through dynamic power, they can be reduced by lowering the frequency or lowering the operating voltage.

Heat Pipes

Heat pipe dryout: liquid boiling again before reaching heat side

Heat Pipe Technology Explained | Sterling TT
Heat Pipe Fundamentals - KTK Thermal Technologies
Heat Pipe Design and Use - KTK Thermal Technologies

What is a Heat Pipe | Heat Pipes Basics and Technology
Heat Pipes for Thermal Management | ACT

How Copper Heatpipes Are Made | China Factory Tour (Cooler Master) - YouTube
Cutting AMD Coolers Open & Flat vs. Vertical CPU Cooler Benchmarks - YouTube

Vapor Chambers

What is a Vapor Chamber as Fast As Possible - YouTube
Vapor Chambers Explained | Benefits and Limitations
CM University

Fan layout

Static Pressure vs. High Airflow Fans As Fast As Possible - YouTube
Ask GN 63: Static Pressure vs. Airflow Fans, "Delid" A GPU - YouTube

Air Coolers

Corsair dominates the AIO liquid cooling markets, their air cooling solution is not as competitive
Noctua NH-U12S have better thermal and acoustic performance

How to choose the right CPU Air Cooler - YouTube Dark Rock
120mm Fans vs. 140mm Fans - Are Bigger Fans Better? - YouTube
The Best Budget CPU Cooler: 7 Coolers Tested, 1 Winner Chosen - YouTube

Noctua - Even Better Than Before | Computex 2017 - YouTube
Noctua - Even Better Than Before AGAIN | Computex 2018 - YouTube
NH-U12S $400
NH-U14S $500
Big Shuriken 3 vs. Big Shuriken 2 - YouTube
Dark Rock Slim vs. Hyper 212 Black | CPU Cooler Showdown - YouTube
Hyper 212 BE ~= DARK ROCK SLIM > Big Shuriken 3 > Big Shuriken 2 > Dark Rock 4
DARK ROCK SLIM silent high-end Air coolers from be quiet! 180W TDP

Who Actually Makes the Best PC Fans? - YouTube
Noctua vs. Arctic, Nidec - Ultimate 120mm Fan Re-match! - YouTube

Hyper 212 EVO | Cooler Master 2011, 150W TDP, back plate under motherboard, low spec fan
Hyper 212 LED | Cooler Master $220 2016, 150W TDP
Hyper 212 Black Edition | Cooler Master $280 160W TDP

Ultimate Low Profile CPU Coolers ft. Big Shuriken 3 - YouTube
NH-L9i ~$380
NH-L12S ~$450, forces low profile RAM
Big Shuriken 3: CPU Kühler, Lüfter, Lüftersteuerung von Scythe ~$380
C7 Cu | Research Idea Gear ~$440
C7 G | Research Idea Gear ~$500 (not worth it)