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Computer Graphics (Hardware)

November 22, 2023
October 18, 2016

Computer Graphics on the hardware side

The requirements for computer graphics stems from rendering games.
See computer-graphics-software for the software side.

GPU Hierarchy - Comparison of Graphics Cards for Gaming
GPU Database | TechPowerUp performance comparison

How Do Graphics Cards Work? - ExtremeTech

RAM of GPU matters the most on high texture and output resolution.

A REVOLUTION in graphics is coming - YouTube
A REVOLUTION in graphics #2 - YouTube
The History of the Modern Graphics Processor
GPU 博物館給獨立團隊送電腦啦!還採訪了獨立遊戲大佬! - YouTube

Scratchapixel Learn Computer Graphics From Scratch!

ICTGraphicsLab - YouTube

History

some will touch on game graphics

Ahoy
A Brief History of Graphics - YouTube
A Brief History of Graphics - YouTube series

The Evolution Of A GPU: From Gaming To Computing | OpenGrowth
Future of Gaming | OpenGrowth
The 30 Year History of AMD Graphics, In Pictures
The History Of Nvidia GPUs

GPU Tier List - Nvidia Edition! - YouTube

【科技杂谈 79】从 GTX 到 RTX,NVIDIA GEFORCE 显卡家族的历史(1999-2019) - YouTube
The Evolution of Nvidia GeForce Graphics (1999-2022) - YouTube

Asianometry
How Nvidia Won Graphics Cards - YouTube
How Nvidia Won AI - YouTube

极客湾 Geekerwan
20 年前的游戏与 PC:探秘 3D 游戏史上最辉煌的岁月(上) - YouTube
N 卡是如何崛起的?20 年前的 PC 和游戏(下) - YouTube
A 卡崛起之路:重现当年 AN 显卡巅峰对决! - YouTube

Rendering/Compositor

Immediate mode (computer graphics) - Wikiwand
Immediate mode GUI - Wikiwand 🤔incorrect?
About the IMGUI paradigm · ocornut/imgui Wiki ❗!important
Immediate Mode Model/View/Controller
Retained mode - Wikiwand

linebender/2d.graphics: Repo for an ideational book on 2D graphics, plus tools to make images

2D Graphics on Modern GPU | Raph Levien’s blog
The compositor is evil | Raph Levien’s blog
Swapchains and frame pacing | Raph Levien’s blog
How to think about the compositor in 2022 · Issue #77 · raphlinus/raphlinus.github.io

Intel's Major Overhaul for CPU & GPU Benchmarking | "GPU Busy" & Pipeline Technical Discussion - YouTube

Font Rendering

Text layout is a loose hierarchy of segmentation | Raph Levien’s blog
Minikin retrospective | Raph Levien’s blog
Project Minikin
Rethinking text layout in Android and beyond [LWN.net]

Antialiasing/Up-sampling/Up-scaling

Anti-aliasing - Wikiwand
Spatial anti-aliasing - Wikiwand
Glossary:Anti-aliasing (AA) - PCGamingWiki PCGW - bugs, fixes, crashes, mods, guides and improvements for every PC game
TweakGuides.com - Crysis 3 Tweak Guide

upscayl/upscayl: 🆙 Upscayl - Free and Open Source AI Image Upscaler for Linux, MacOS and Windows built with Linux-First philosophy.

Tech Focus: Anti-Aliasing - What Is It And Why Do We Need It? - YouTube

FXAA does AA on full screen post-processing and may introduce blurriness
SMAA based on MLAA post-processing and may add temporal AA to the mix (which causes shadows for slow moving objects) *
TSSAA/TXAA uses temporal information (previous frames) to do AA, but the averaging may cause blurring/ghosting
MSAA is the traditional approach but takes more resources, only super sample on polygon edges
SSAA super sample AA, super sample on all pixels
DLAA Deep learning Super Sampling (nVidia) AA
DSR Dynamic Super Resolution

【硬件科普】免费提升画质和帧数?详解 DLSS2.0 的工作原理与作用 - YouTube
NVIDIA Killed Their Own Premium Products - Can we tell if DLSS 2.0 is on? - YouTube
Did Nvidia Just Do Us A Favor? - DLDSR Explained - YouTube
免费的性能增强是怎么来的?DLSS/NIS/FSR 技术解析 - YouTube

Yes, DLSS 3 works on 20 and 30 series GPUs. But what does that even mean? - YouTube DLSS brand consists of 3 technologies:

Cyberpunk 2.0 Ray Reconstruction Comparison, DLSS 3.5, & Benchmarks - YouTube
Cyberpunk 2.0 Ray Reconstruction Comparison, DLSS 3.5, & Benchmarks - YouTube

GDC 2023: Introducing the FidelityFX SDK with new technologies, an early look at FSR 3 + more! - AMD GPUOpen
AMD FidelityFX Super Resolution, FSR 測試 / 效能提升 畫質稍減 邊緣重建 | XFastest News
What Is AMD's FSR and What Does it Do?
AMD FidelityFX Super Resolution Quality Comparison & Benchmarks (FSR) - YouTube
AMD Radeon Super Resolution vs. FidelityFX Usability & Image Quality Comparison - YouTube
FSR is opt-in by game dev. RSR is a driver feature.
FSR > RSR
AMD FSR Based on Modified Lanczos Upscaler, Can Be Enabled On NVIDIA GPUs Using Control Panel For Similar Results In Games

FSR 2.0 is the complete reboot AMD's upscaling needed | Digital Trends
After testing AMD FSR 2.0, I'm almost ready to ditch DLSS | Digital Trends

Gamescope

Gamescope - LinuxReviews
ValveSoftware/gamescope: SteamOS session compositing window manager
Steam Deck - AMD FidelityFX Super Resolution Upscaling In Any Game... With Gamescope! - YouTube

Hardware Scheduling

Faster Gaming for FREE - Hardware GPU Scheduling Explained - YouTube

Resizable BAR

You'll need

GeForce RTX 30 Series Performance Accelerates With Resizable BAR Support | GeForce News | NVIDIA
Resizable BAR explained: How and why it makes your graphics card faster | PCWorld
What is Resizable BAR, and should you use it? | Rock Paper Shotgun
NVIDIA Resizable BAR 雙平台實測:AMD 加速幅度大,Intel 遊戲表現仍優 | 4Gamers

API

khronos-group#Vulkan

The next gen API all focus on exposing the low level GPU hardware to software developer.

Reaching Console Performance: Shader Intrinsic Functions | techPowerUp
WTF is going on with DX12 and Vulkan? - YouTube
Does DirectX 12 Suck? - YouTube

WTF is going on with SLI? - YouTube
Adapters are linked if they are close to the same hardware, unlinked otherwise.
Implicit Mode (linked implicitly) (IMA, Implicit Multiadaptor) is SLI/Crossfire.
Explicit Modes (EMA, Explicit Multiadaptor) can work on linked and unlinked hardware.

Bridging the synchronization gap on Linux explicit sync for Vulcan API, compositor expects implicit sync

DX12

Exclusive: The Nvidia and AMD DirectX 12 Editorial - Complete DX12 Graphic Card List with Specifications, Asynchronous Shaders and Hardware Features Explained ❗!important
DirectX 12 tested: An early win for AMD and disappointment for Nvidia | Ars Technica
Multi-GPU DirectX 12 shootouts show AMD with performance lead over Nvidia | Ars Technica
Direct3D 12 glossary - Win32 apps | Microsoft Learn

Asynchronous compute shaders in DX12 benefits the most when CPU is the bottleneck

Mental

Mantle Graphics API | AMD

Gaming: One of Mantle's Futures: Vulkan | Community Chronos Group has chosen the best and brightest parts of Mantle to serve as the foundation for "Vulkan"
Gaming: On APIs and the future of Mantle | Community AMD recommends DX12 or Vulcan
Mantle is a Vulkan: AMD's dead graphics API rises from the ashes in OpenGL's successor | PCWorld
AMD's Mantle 1.0 is dead; long live DirectX | PCWorld


Hardware

TODO: merge mobile-devices's info here

GPU Benchmarks Hierarchy - Graphics Card Rankings | Tom's Hardware
Ancient Gameplays - YouTube

Nvidia Ampere vs. AMD RDNA 2: Battle of the Architectures | TechSpot
GPU Architecture Deep Dive: AMD RDNA 3, Intel Arc Alchemist and Nvidia Ada Lovelace | TechSpot

Nvidia Ampere vs. AMD RDNA 2: Battle of the Architectures | TechSpot
Deep Dive: AMD RDNA 3, Intel Arc Alchemist and Nvidia Ada Lovelace GPU Architecture | TechSpot

【Jing 打細算】雙風扇跟三風扇的顯示卡要如何選擇? OC 版本真的值得嗎? - YouTube
3 fan has 2-4 FPS (~3%) advantage

NVIDIA

How Nvidia Won Graphics Cards - YouTube

List of Nvidia graphics processing units - Wikiwand
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080/3080 Ti: more VRAM, way faster and CHEAPER?!
NVIDIA 40 系顯卡性能翻倍無壓力:4060 打贏 3080、4070 打贏 3090,價格只是略微上漲「超極氪」 - YouTube

NVIDIA 控制面板最佳設置!讓顯卡性能暴漲、遊戲幀數提升的保姆級教程 - YouTube

什么是「显卡测不准原理」 - YouTube
1000 Maxwell mixed cores
2000 Turing int + fp cores
3000 Ampere int/fp mixed cores + fp cores

Multi-Instance GPU (MIG)

Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) | NVIDIA
Multi-Instance GPU — NVIDIA Cloud Native Technologies documentation
Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) :: CUDA Toolkit Documentation

Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) 設定 | 不務正業工程師的家
透過 MIG-PARTED 管理 MIG | 不務正業工程師的家

CLARA

Healthcare Developer Resources | NVIDIA Developer
Intelligent Computing for Healthcare | NVIDIA Clara
Build and Deploy AI for Medical Imaging | NVIDIA Clara Imaging
NVIDIA Clara Documentation

CLARA SDK 介紹 | 不務正業工程師的家
Clara Imaging - AIAA 介紹與範例 | 不務正業工程師的家

Triton

Triton Inference Server | NVIDIA Developer
triton-inference-server/server: The Triton Inference Server provides an optimized cloud and edge inferencing solution.
Triton Inference Server: The Basics and a Quick Tutorial

Triton Inference Server 介紹與範例 | 不務正業工程師的家
Triton 分類推論輸出轉成可讀性類別名稱 | 不務正業工程師的家
Triton 模型壓力測試 | 不務正業工程師的家

AMD

AMD's next-gen Navi GPU confirmed to support ray tracing

2022's RX6000 series (6nm Navi 24 and Rembrandt) is 2x faster than MX550 at the same TDP.
Radeon's DX11 driver was rewritten in 2022-07 which greatly improved stability and performance

How to Optimize AMD Radeon Settings For GAMING & Performance The Ultimate GUIDE 2023 - YouTube
AMD Says You’re Doing it Wrong. - Best settings for AMD GPUs - YouTube ReBAR, FSR

AMD RDNA 3 GPU Architecture Deep Dive: The Ryzen Moment for GPUs | Tom's Hardware
AMD RDNA3 GPU Architecture Deep-Dive: 7900 XTX Drivers, Rasterization, & Ray Tracing - YouTube

Intel Integrated Graphics

Intel UHD Graphics 620 GPU Review - Benchmarks and Specs - NotebookCheck.net Tech

Intel Iris Plus Graphics 655 vs Intel HD Graphics 4600
Iris Plus Graphics 655 vs HD Graphics 4600 [in 6 benchmarks]
UserBenchmark: Intel HD Graphics P4600 vs Iris Plus 655

Overclocking/Underclocking

Nvidia is Clearly Better, Right? - YouTube Hydra 1.2, RX 6000 undervolt
Why you should (or shouldn't) undervolt your GPU | PCWorld

AMD RMP 神級超頻工具,讓老 6800XT 顯示卡也能優化媲美 3090Ti | T 客邦
Hydra 1.2 AMD Ryzen Overclocking & Tuning Utility Ready For Zen 4 CPUs, Now Features 'RX-TUNER' For GPU Tuning Too
[Official] HYDRA (and HYDRA PRO) Thread | Overclock.net

How to UNDERVOLT AMD RX 6000 Series GPUs - YouTube

This GPU is HOT. Let's fix it for free! (and make it faster while saving you money on electricity) - YouTube

Quick & Easy Undervolting | MSI Afterburner Tutorial - YouTube
GTX 1080 undervolted and overclocked : overclocking

How To Overclock Your GPU - The Ultimate Easy Guide 2021 🔧 - YouTube
How To Overclock GPU: From easy to pro! - YouTube