Philosophy

Language Fallacies

Logical fallacy - RationalWiki
Category:Fallacious arguments - RationalWiki
List of cognitive biases - Wikiwand
Category:Cognitive biases - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cognitive bias cheat sheet
Every Logical Fallacy Explained in 11 Minutes - YouTube

RationalWiki

李天命的思考藝術（最終定本） - 李天命 - Google Books

21 Mind Traps : The Ultimate Guide to your most common Thinking errors - YouTube
Why incompetent people think they're amazing - David Dunning - YouTube Dunning-Kruger effect

Why you think you're right -- even if you're wrong | Julia Galef - YouTube
Motivated Reasoning (soldier mindset):
Trying to make some ideas win and others lose; the drive to attack or defend ideas; 輸打贏要
Scout mindset:
Trying to get an accurate picture of reality, even when that's unpleasant or inconvenient (against ones believe and prejudice)

XY problem

The XY problem is asking about your attempted solution (Y) rather than your actual problem (X).

XyProblem - Greg's Wiki
What is the XY problem? - Meta Stack Exchange

Bayesian Trap

math#Bayes Theorem

The Bayesian Trap - YouTube
Your brain is not a Bayes net (and why that matters) - YouTube

Attribution Error

Magical thinking that leads to superstition

13 Common (But Silly) Superstitions
Cargo cult - Wikiwand

The Five Monkeys Experiment

The Famous 'Social Experiment': 5 Monkeys and a Ladder
5 Monkeys, Bananas, Ladder, Water. Why do we comply with daft rules in organisations? – What's the PONT

What Monkeys Can Teach Us About Human Behavior: From Facts to Fiction | Psychology Today
The Five Monkeys Experiment (with a new lesson) - John Stepper's Blog
The Five Monkeys Experiment Obviously Never Happened

Happiness

佛陀告訴你一個消除所有煩惱的簡單方法 | 老高與小茉 Mr & Mrs Gao - YouTube
心情不好時，請看這個影片，從此你的人生將充滿幸福和快樂 | 老高與小茉 Mr & Mrs Gao - YouTube

不要讓「擔心別人的看法」侷限了你的人生 | 夏瑄澧 (雪力) | TEDxNCU - YouTube

Mediation/Mindfulness

辯證反合

黑格爾：正反合 - EP46 ｜香港 01 ｜哲學
 搞懂黑格爾的辯證法，才明白「要辯證的看問題」這句話是在耍無賴 - 每日頭條
 【不用數字的研究】連載 09：基本功之三，辯證正反合 | 《不用數字的研究》

Consciousness

The Neuroscience of Consciousness – with Anil Seth - YouTube
John Ringland's answer to What is consciousness? - Quora

The Origin of Consciousness – How Unaware Things Became Aware - YouTube
Do Robots Deserve Rights? What if Machines Become Conscious? - YouTube
Introducing the AI Mirror Test, which very smart people keep failing - The Verge

【震撼】“我”的存在其實是幻覺，被動意識 | 老高與小茉 Mr & Mrs Gao - YouTube
Consciousness is passive and created by sub-conscious

Living in a computer simulation

citing the Principle of Indifference: when multiple explanations are plausible and we have no good evidence to bias any of them, we shall assume they are equally likely

The Simulation Argument

How do we know that we're not living in a computer simulation? - Quora
Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?
Do We Live in a Simulation? Chances Are about 50–50 - Scientific American
Are we living in a simulated universe? Here's what scientists say.
Confirmed! We Live in a Simulation - Scientific American

On Testing the Simulation Theory with conceptual double-slit experiments
Curious Kids: Could our entire reality be part of a simulation created by other beings? - The Conversation - ABC Education
The Matrix+Solow Paradox: Do We live In A Simulation?

Are we living in a simulation? - Zohreh Davoudi - YouTube
Neil deGrasse Tyson Explains the Simulation Hypothesis - YouTube
Is life a video game? | Elon Musk | Code Conference 2016 - YouTube
Why Elon Musk says we're living in a simulation - YouTube
Is Reality Real? The Simulation Argument - YouTube

Isaac Arthur
The Simulation Hypothesis - YouTube
Post Scarcity Civilizations: Reality & Simulation - YouTube
What Are Ancestor Simulations... And Are We Living In One? - YouTube
Hacking The Simulation - YouTube

这个世界是计算机模拟出来的吗？ - YouTube
如何证明这世界不是《地球 ol》游戏？ - YouTube

用科學證明我們的世界其實就是虛擬現實（VR） | 老高與小茉 Mr & Mrs Gao - YouTube
世界是虛擬的但有一個東西是真實的 | 老高與小茉 Mr & Mrs Gao - YouTube
證明這個世界是虛擬現實的八個證據，而我們本身也有可能是一種非常可怕的存在 | 老高與小茉 Mr & Mrs Gao - YouTube

Boltzman Brain

A brain conjured up from nowhere is more probable then the low entropy state that Big Bang started from.

Boltzmann Brains - Why The Universe is Most Likely a Simulation - YouTube
Boltzmann Brains & the Anthropic Principle - YouTube
Boltzmann Brain Paradox Explained in Simple Words - YouTube

Knowledge Theory

Theory of Knowledge
Naive Realism - Quora

knowledge is justified true belief

Cynicism

Cynicism (philosophy) - Wikiwand
犬儒學派 - Wikiwand

The philosophy of cynicism - William D. Desmond - YouTube

Stoicism

Stoicism - Wikiwand
斯多葛主義 - Wikiwand

The philosophy of Stoicism - Massimo Pigliucci - YouTube

Time Travel

Time Travel in Fiction Rundown - YouTube

Sovereignty

Sovereignty - Wikiwand

"Sovereignty is a community's monopoly on the legitimate use of force" - Max Weber

Morality

Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do? Episode 01 "THE MORAL SIDE OF MURDER" - YouTube

consquentialist: locates morality in the consequence of an act
categorical: locates morality in certain duties and rights (absolute moral requirements regardless of the consequences -> Utilitarianism)